Separating a Mixture using Distillation

Separating a Mixture using Distillation

Today we are going to do a Distillation Experiment.

What is Evaporation? 
Evaporation is heating up a liquid and turning it into a gas. (adding energy = heat)

What is Condensation?
Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase.

Aim: to separate a solution (Coke/Coke Zero) to form a solid + a liquid

Hypothesis:  I think that the colour dye is going to separate from the liquid because there is a colour dye (caramel colour) in the liquid. So maybe it might turn into a clear liquid? I thought there would be a solid because the liquid evaporated. 

Equipment:

1. Coke + Coke Zero
2. Bunsen Burner
3. Conical Flask
4. Heatproof Mat
5. Delivery Tube
6. Bung
7. Tripod
8. Gauze Mat
9. Retort Stand
10. Boss head and clamp
11. Boiling Tube

Method:

1. Set up the equipment (shown in the picture below)
2. Add approximately 50ml of Coke or Coke Zero to your conical flask.
3. Light your Bunsen Burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen Burner under the tripod.
4. Heat the solution until most of the solution has been evaporated and it starts foaming.

Results (Observations) - What did we see?
 - The coke boiling inside the Conical Flask
 - As the water was evaporating it left the sugar behind.
 - The steam went threw the delivery tube into the Tube.

Separating a Mixture using Evaporation

 Separating a Mixture using Evaporation:

Aim:

Hypothesis: they will crystalize

Equipment: Copper sulfate solution, 250mL Beaker, heatproof mat, evaporating basin, element. 

Method: 

1. Set up element

2. Add 100mL of hot water to the beaker and place on the element.

3. Add copper sulfate to the evaporating basin until it is quarter full.

4. Carefully, place the evaporating basin on top of the beaker. 

5. Turn on the element to 3

6. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated and crystals of solute are forming. 

7. Turn off the element - careful not to touch as will be hot for a long time.

Observations:

We started off by putting the beaker on the element, with the evaporating basin that had Copper sulfate solution inside. It took time for the water to start boiling but once it did, it had a nasty smell to it. Steam started coming out so we turned off the element and let it sit.

The solution started crystalizing.

Conclusion:

Discussion:

Evaluation:

Dilution Experiment

 Dilution Experiment

Aim: To make a dilution series to investigate concentration.

Equipment: A potassium permanganate crystal, six large test tubes, tweezers/spatula, a plastic transfer pipette, a test tube rack, 10ml measuring cylinder

What is Dilution?
Making something less concentrated. There will be fewer particles in the liquid.

What does Concentration mean?
A measurement of how much solute is in a solution.

What are some examples of diluting?

Hypothesis: The last tube (Test Tube 6) is going to be the most dilute - The 1st tube is going to be least dilute.

What did you do? - Method

1. Place the six test tubes in a test tube rack. Label the rack with numbers 1-6
2. Using the measuring cylinder, fill test tube 1 with 10 ml of water. Fill the remaining test tubes with 5ml of water.
3. Using your tweezers/spatula, add a single crystal or potassium pormanganate to test tube 1.
4. Gently shake the test tube until the crystal has dissolved.
5. Using the transfer pipette, carefully remove exactly 5ml from test tube 1 and pour it into test tube 2.
6. Gently shake test tube 2 and repeat the transfer process, transferring exactly 5ml of solution from test tube 2 to test tube 3, test tube 3 to test tube 4 and so on.

Was your Hypothesis correct?

Yes. The last test tube was less concentrated and the first one was more concentrated.

Filtration Experiment

Filtration Experiment:

Aim: To Separate a solution from a precipitate (precipitate is the name for a solid that forms in a liquid during a chemical reaction).

Hypothesis: I think it will seperate.

Equipment:

Sodium carbonate
Copper sulfate
Conical flask
Stirring Rod
200mL Beaker
Funnel
Filter paper

Method: 

1. Pour approximately 50mL of copper sulphate solution into a beaker.
2. Add the same volume of sodium carbonate solution. A reaction will happen, you should see a cloudy blue precipitate form. Called copper carbonate. 
3. Watch demo then fold filter paper to fit inside the funnel
4. Place the funnel with the filter paper inside of it, into the mouth of a conical flask. 
5. Stir the mixture in the beaker, then carefully pour it into the funnel. 
6. Observe what happened.

Observations and Discussion: When we mixed the Copper Sulfate and Sodium Carbonate it turned into a cloudy blue colour. We poured the mixture into the beaker that had the filter and filter paper ready. When it came out it wasn't blue it was clear. The Copper Sulfate separated from the Sodium Carbonate. 

When we poured the Sodium Carbonate into the Copper Sulfate they switched places and the Copper Sulfate turned into a solid. It looked like slime, I wanted to touch it but obviously I couldn't.

 

Dissolving Experiment

 Mixtures + Dissolving

Thursday 22nd October 2020

Today in Chemical & Chaos/Hurumanu 3 we did an experiment on Dissolving. 

What is a mixture?

A substance made by combining other substances together.

Examples of a mixture:

 

What is dissolving?

When a substance becomes part of a liquid

Example of dissolving:

You can speed up the dissolving process by using heat, mixing.

Aim: Our aim for this experiment is to see how fast sugar dissolved in Hot & Cold water when stirred and how fast it dissolves when in Hot & Cold water but not stirred at all.

Method:

1. Make sure you have your timer ready to go before starting.
2. Fill your beaker up with 50ml of COLD water.
3. Add a small spatula full of sugar into the beaker.
4. Start stirring and remember to start your timer.
5. Once it dissolves stop your timer.

**REPEAT ALL THESE STEPS WITH HOT WATER - AND SOME WITHOUT STIRRING !!

Results:

My group's results
 

1	50ml of COLD Water, 1 Spatula of sugar, STIRRED | Result: 41s
2	50ml of HOT Water, 1 Spatula of sugar, STIRRED | Result: 31s
3	50ml of HOT Water, 1 Spatula of sugar, NOT STIRRED | Result: 46s
4	50ml of COLD Water, 1 Spatula of sugar, NOT STIRRED | Result: 156s

Can Experiment

 Can Experiment

Aim: To see what happens when you put a heated can in cold water

Hypothesis: The can will get squashed when put into the cold water

Equipment:

• Cold & Hot Water
• Can
• Element
• Ice Cream Container
• Tongs

 Method:

1. Fill the can with hot water, about a quarter way
2. Fill the Ice Cream Container with cold water, ice-cold water if possible.
3. Put the can on top of the hot water and wait for it to steam.
4. Once it starts to steam put it straight into the Ice Cream Container that is filled with Cold Water
5. Pop!

Results:

My groups experiment did exactly what it was supposed to do on the first try.

The can was squished when it hit the cold water.

Discussion: 

Before heating, the can is filled with water and air. When boiling the water, the water changes states from a liquid to a gas (Water Vapor) The water vapor pushes the air that was originally inside the can out into the atmosphere. When the can is turned upside down and placed in the water, the mouth of the can forms an airtight seal against the surface of the water in the bowl. In just a split second, all of the water vapor that pushed the air out of the can and filled up the inside of the can turns into only a drop or two of liquid, which takes up much less space. 

Earthquake Research

Earthquake Research

Map of the biggest earthquakes:

My research about the Valdivia, Chile 1960 Earthquake